List of EU quarantine pests
Directive 2000/29/EC listed the EU quarantine pests to be targeted by specific control measures. They were listed in annexes I and II (Part A, Section I and II). Commission Implementing Directive (EU) 2017/1279 and Commission Implementing Directive (EU) 2019/523 amended Directive 2000/29/EC.
Directive 2000/29/EC was repealed on 14 December 2019 and was replaced by Regulation (EU) 2016/2031 ("Plant Health Law") of the European Parliament and of the Council concerning protective measures against pests of plants.
According to Article 5(2) of the Plant Health Law, the Commission establishes the ‘list of Union quarantine pests’, which is included in the Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2019/2072 of 28 November 2019. The list of Union quarantine pests is available in Annex II of this Regulation. In addition, Annex IV contains the list of Union regulated non-quarantine pests (‘RNQPs’). Annexes of the Regulation (EU) 2019/2072 are now amended by the Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2021/2285 of 14 December 2021.
Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2022/1941 of 13 October 2022 prohibit the introduction, movement, holding, multiplication or release of Chloridea virescens, Leucinodes orbonalis, Leucinodes pseudorbonalis, Resseliella citrifrugis and Spodoptera ornithogalli, which are not included in the annexes of Regulation (EU) 2021/2285, but are considered to present a high phytosanitary risk for the Union territory.
Article 6(2) of the Plant Health Law empowers the Commission to establish a list of the priority pests. Published in the Official Journal on 11 October 2019, the Commission Delegated Regulation (EU) 2019/1702 lists 20 quarantine pests as priority pests, 16 of which are insects.
INTRODUCTION
The Entomology and Botany Unit of ANSES Plant Health Laboratory (Montpellier, France) and the Institute for Sustainable Plant Production of AGES (Vienna, Austria) are in charge of the activities of the EURL for Insects and Mites. They have an extensive experience in the identification of regulated and invasive pests which can cause severe damage to plants. The consortium can rely on a broad knowledge in the morphological identification of Coleoptera, Lepidoptera, Diptera, Thysanoptera, Hemiptera and Acari. Molecular diagnostics (e.g. DNA barcoding and pest-specific PCR assays) complement the morphological identification and allow the accurate identification, especially of life stages that are difficult to identify by morphological characteristics.
They conduct their activities under quality assurance regime and are accredited according to the EN ISO/IEC 17025 standard for testing and analysis. Moreover, ANSES is accredited according to the EN ISO/IEC 17043 standard for the coordination of inter-laboratories Proficiency Testing.
They comply strictly with all the International, European and National regulations and legislations regarding Plant Health.
REGULATIONS
EPPO & IPPC STANDARDS AND PROTOCOLS
EU plant health law: 16 out of the 20 priority pests are insects
On 11th October 2019, the European Commission has published the list of regulated quarantine pests which are considered top priorities for EU Member States due to the economic, environmental and social impact on EU’s territory. The list is based on the impact assessments carried out by EFSA and the European Commission’s Joint Research Centre (JRC) on a number of pests identified by the Commission. Some of the criteria considered are the impact on crop yields, the damage to trade and the cost of control measures, as well as social consequences and environmental impact.
For each of the listed pests, EU Member States will be required to carry out annual surveys, draw up and keep up to date a contingency plan, perform simulation exercises, launch information campaigns to the public and action plans for the eradication of these pests, when already present on their territory. In this contest, the diagnostic competence of the National Reference Laboratories network is of paramount importance.
It is significant to point out that 16 out of the 20 priority pests are insects! Among them, we find species that have already been reported in some Member States, such as the longhorned beetles Anoplophora glabripennis, A. chinensis and Aromia bungii, the oriental fruit fly Bactrocera dorsalis and the japanese beetle Popillia japonica, but also Agrilus planipennis, Spodoptera frugiperda and Bactrocera zonata, that are still outside Europe's borders. All the cited pests are already present in the working plan of the EURL and the Proficiency Tests on Spodoptera frugiperda (for which registrations are open) are an example of the support that the EURL aims to provide to National Reference Laboratories.
Commission Delegated Regulation (EU) 2019/1702